Two large fragments on parchment, c. 303 x 441 mm and c. 303 x 299 mm, possibly from a Lectionary. They are ruled in hard point, c. 258 x 68 mm (column), for two columns per leaf of twenty-ones lines, in Romanesque script in brown ink, rubrics and highlights in red ink, later annotations in black ink. One fragment has been trimmed to create turn-ins that possibly covered a board with evidence of a spine press, the other has been folded into three sections. Both fragments have paper adhered to the surface from being pasted down and very significant worming damage. The script contains texts from the Gospels and Proverbs. The second column of the first fragment reads, 'quando sederit cum senatoribus terre' from Probers 31:23.
A very good example of manuscript fragments liberated from bindings. Both fragments have been subject to cutting and folding, they have paper adhered to the surface, very significant worming and damage, staining to the parchment. The second fragment is particularly damaged but is holding.
Fragments recovered from bindings are a fine example of how books have been used and later recycled over time. There were many reasons as to why this has happened, such as a book being damaged beyond repair or if the text has become outdated with later editions. Rather than throwing a medieval manuscript away, it would be taken to a book binder who would use the parchment to re-enforce the bindings of other books because parchment is such a durable and strong material. The damage is vital evidence of this manuscripts living history.
Two Large Liturgical Binding Waste Fragments, in Latin, Manuscript on Parchment
Author
[French Scribe]
Publisher
[France,
Date
Twelfth Century]